Odessa, Anitikva, Ottoksnoly, Daszew, Dunewitz, Bar, Kornitze, Kamenetz-Podolsk,Kamen, Denevetze, Torezyn, Progetysze, Demovitz (or Denovitze),Leachowska, Gorodok, Kreidink, Grodek, Rezina, Pinsk, Minsk, Grudna, Ganuschisky; Dubuow,

Rumania

Kicheneff,

Belorus;

Lechovitz,

Poland;

Pinsk

Bessarabia;

Utic / Kiev (?),

Ukraine

Odessa, Ukraine, city (1989 pop. 1,115,000), capital of Odessa region, in Ukraine, a port on Odessa Bay of the Black Sea. The third largest Ukrainian city after Kiev and Kharkov, Odessa is an important rail junction and highway hub and is a major industrial, cultural, scientific, and resort center. Grain, sugar, machinery, coal, petroleum products, cement, metals, jute, and timber are the chief items of trade at the port of Odessa, which is the leading Ukrainian Black Sea port. Odessa is also a naval base and the home port of a fishing and an antarctic whaling fleet. The city's industries include shipbuilding, oil refining, machine building, metalworking, food processing, and the manufacture of chemicals, machine tools, clothing, and products made of wood, jute, and silk. Large health resorts are located nearby. Odessa has a university (est. 1865), an opera and ballet theater (1809), a historical museum (1825), a municipal library (1830), an astronomical observatory (1871), an opera house (1883-87), and a picture gallery (1898). Ukrainians, Russians, Jews, and Greeks predominate in Odessa's cosmopolitan population.

Anitikva,

Ottoksnoly,

Daszew,

Dunewitz,

Bar,

Kornitze, Not found

Kamenetz-Podolsk, a district in the Ukraine. See Proskurov, Ukraine

Kamen,

Denevetze, Not found

Torezyn, Not found

Progetysze, Not found

Demovitz (or Denovitze), Not found

Leachowska, Not found

Gorodok, Location: town in Belorussia. Jewish Presence: from the 18th century. Jewish Population in 1926: 2,660 (48.3134541f total population). Fate of Jews during WWII: 1941, 1,500 put into ghettos. 400 survived, and were placed in the central ghetto, Krasnoye. This may be the right Gorodok, but evidently there are others

Kreidink,

Grodek,

Rezina, Location: Bessarabia region, Moldavia
Pre-Holocaust Jewish population: approx. 3,000
Fate of Jews during WW II: exterminated in July 1941, by Nazis

Pinsk, see Pinsk, Poland

Minsk,

Grudna, Possibly Grodno, Belarus?

Ganuschisky; Not found

Pinsk, - city (1989 pop. 118,636), in southern Belarus, in Brest Oblast. in the Pripyat Marshes and at the confluence of the Pina and Pripyat rivers, at the eastern end of the Bug-Dneprovskiy canal connecting the Bug and the Pripyat' drainage systems.  The Poles'ye (or Pripet Marshes), the largest swamp in Europe, begin immediately to the south. The city is 166 km (103 mi) east of Brest and 282 km (175 mi) west-northwest of Chernobyl', the site of the worst known nuclear reactor accident. Pinsk is a major river port on the Pina River (part of the Dnieper-Buh waterway), it has long been a noted water transport junction; timber is now the chief export. Agriculture products of the area include corn and hemp, while local forests of oak and pine support woodworking industries.   Pinsk is on the rail line and highway that roughly parallel the southern boundary of Belarus east of Brest (Belarus) and a rail terminus. Industries include the manufacture of metal products, building materials, and clothing.  Pinsk also has significant shipbuilding and repair facilities.  Pinsk was founded in the 8th or 9th century; and was first mentioned in the Russian manuscript, “Tale of Bygone Years” in 1097 as part of the Kievan state, the city became the capital of Pinsk duchy in the 13th cent. It passed to Lithuania in 1320 and was part of Lithuania from the 13th to the 16th century. Pinsk became part of Poland in 1569 as a result of the Union of Lublin that united Poland and Lithuania.. Pinsk was ceded  to Russia in 1793 with the second partition of Poland. It reverted to Poland shortly after World War I (1914-1918), in 1921 until it was captured by the Soviet Red Army in September 1939 at the beginning of World War II. The German army occupied Pinsk from July 1941 to July 1944, when it returned to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). During the German occupation of World War II, the city’s Jews (who had formed a majority of the population) were mostly exterminated. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, it became part of independent Belarus. Population (1996 estimate) 107,729.

Zhitomir, 125 km/78 mi west of Kiev. Capital of Zhytomyr region, central Ukraine, Zhitomir is situated on the River Teterev, a tributary of the Dnieper.. It is said to have been founded by Zhitomir, one of the followers of Rurik. An old city on the trade route from Scandinavia to Constantinople, Zhytomyr was known in 1240. It was part of Kievan Rus and later passed to Lithuania (1320) and Poland (1569). It was annexed to Russia along with the rest of the Ukraine in 1778. Awarded to Russia in the second partition of Poland (1793), it became an important provincial and trade center before the Bolshevik Revolution. Jews were authorized to settle in 1792. The Pre-Holocaust Jewish Population:was 30,000 in 1926. Post-war, thousands returned and set up a community.   It is a road and rail junction in an agricultural area. Industries include lumber milling, food processing, granite quarrying, metalworking, and the manufacture of musical instruments. (1989 pop. 292,000).

Kiev, (1990 est. pop. 2,600,000), capital of Ukraine and of Kiev region, a port on the Dnieper River. The largest city of Ukraine, Kiev is a leading industrial, commercial, and cultural center. Food processing (notably the processing of beet sugar), metallurgy, and the manufacture of machinery, machine tools, rolling stock, chemicals, building materials, and textiles are the major industries. Known to Russians as the “mother of cities,” Kiev is one of the oldest towns in N Europe. It probably existed as a commercial center as early as the 5th cent. A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, Kiev was tributary to the Khazars when the Varangians under Oleg established themselves there in 882. Under Oleg’s successors it became the capital of medieval Kievan Rus (the first Russian state) and was a leading European cultural and commercial center. It was also an early seat of Russian Christianity. The city reached its apogee in the 11th cent., but by the late 12th cent. it had begun to decline. From 1240, when it was devastated by the Mongols, until the 14th cent., the city paid tribute to the Golden Horde. Kiev then passed under the control of Lithuania, which in 1569 was united with Poland. With the establishment of the Kievan Academy in 1632, the city became a center of Ukrainian learning and scholarship. In 1648, when the Ukrainian Cossacks under Bohdan Chmielnicki rose against Poland, Kiev became for a brief period the center of a Ukrainian state. After Ukraine’s union with Russia in 1654, however, the city was acquired (1686) by Moscow. In Jan., 1918, Kiev became the capital of the newly proclaimed Ukrainian republic; but in the ensuing civil war (1918–20), it was occupied in succession by German, White Russian, Polish, and Soviet troops. In 1934 the capital of the Ukrainian SSR was transferred from Kharkiv to Kiev. German forces held the city during World War II and massacred thousands of its inhabitants, including 50,000 Jews. Postwar reconstruction of the heavily damaged city was not completed until c.1960. Lying amid hills along the Dnieper and filled with gardens and parks, Kiev is one of Europe’s most beautiful cities, as well as a treasury of medieval art and architecture. Its most outstanding buildings include the Tithes Church, the ruins of the Golden Gate (11th cent.), and the 11th-century Cathedral of St. Sophia (now a museum), which was modeled on Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and contains splendid mosaics, frescoes, and icons. The Uspensky Cathedral, virtually destroyed during World War II, has been fully restored. The celebrated Lavra cave monastery (11th cent.) is now a museum and a sacred place of pilgrimage. The St. Vladimir Cathedral (9th cent.) is famed for its murals. Among the city’s educational and cultural institutions are the Univ. of Kiev (1833) and the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (1918).

Proskurov, Now known as Khmelmitsky. Kamenets-Podolski district, Ukraine. Now capital of Khmelnytskyy region, Ukraine, on the Southern Buh River. It is a rail terminus and highway hub and has food-processing (notably sugar-refining) plants and factories that produce machine tools, equipment for power stations, reinforced concrete items, and consumer goods. A 15th cent. Polish fortress town, it was seized by Cossacks in the 17th cent. It became part of Russia in the 1793 partition of Poland. It was renamed in 1954 on the 300th anniversary of a treaty between the Russians and the Cossacks led by Bohdan Chmielnicki (Khmelnytskyy). There was a Jewish presence since 1765. 1500 Jews slaughtered and thousands injured by Ukrainian soldiers in 1919. Pre-Holocaust Jewish population: approximately 13,500. Fate of Jews during WW II,  all murdered by the Nazis. Post-war: the community numbered 6,200 in 1959.